This image depicts a tobacco farm in Jamestown. John Rolfe helped to save the economy of Jamestown by perfecting methods of raising and curing tobacco. The demand for tobacco helped boost the economy of Jamestown and lead profit hungry settlers seeking more land in order to plant more tobacco. As more tobacco was planted more people were needed to help farm the tobacco. This need for labor led to the creation of indentured servants who were displaced farmers from England who were desperate for employment. The indentured servants would receive transatlantic passage and eventually their "freedom dues" after four to seven years of work. The "head-right" system was also created to encourage the importation of servant workers. This system granted fifty acres of land to whoever paid the passage of a laborer.
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This image depicts Captain John Smith being saved by Pocahontas. Smith was kidnapped in December 1607 by the Indian Chieftain Powhatan. During a mock execution, Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas saved Smith by placing her head between Smith's and the war clubs. From this point on, Pocahontas acted as an intermediary between the Indians and the settlers and helped to preserve a peace between the two cultures. Pocahontas eventually married one of the settlers, John Rolfe, in what would be the first known interracial union in Virginia.
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This image depicts a colonist being buried in Jamestown Virginia during the winter of 1609-1610. This period is commonly known as the "starving time" because the colonist were desperate for food and were dying in droves. The colonists were so desperate for food that they resorted to eating dog, cats, rats, and mice. Some people even dug up corpses for food, one man in particular killed and ate his wife. Of the 400 colonists who made it to Virginia only 60 remained after the "starving time". The "starving time" was due in part to the settlers being more focused on finding gold instead of gathering food.
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This image depicts the Mayflower which is the ship that brought a group of separatist from England to the New World. The separatist were a group of people who who desired to break away from the church of England entirely. The group of separatists who traveled on the mayflower originally fled to Holland but were upset at the "dutchification" of their children so, they negotiated with the Virginia Company and secured rights to settle under their jurisdiction. The journey from England to the New World lasted 65 days and the separatists missed their desired destination and landed in New England in 1620 with 102 people.
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This image depicts King Phillip's War. Although the Wampanoag Indians and the pilgrims initially had a peaceful relationship, this changed as the English grew more numerous and sought to expand. In 1675 Metacom, called King Phillip by the English, created a pan-Indian alliance to unite all Indians in an effort to prevent English encroachment. During this war, the Indians mounted assaults on English villages throughout New England and by the time the war ended in 1676, 52 puritan towns had been attacked and 12 were destroyed. Eventually the English beheaded Metacom and displayed his head on a pike in Plymouth for all to see. Although Phillip's war slowed the expansion of the English, it inflicted a deathly toll on the Indians who after the war would no longer pose as much of a threat to the English.
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This image displays Bacon's rebellion. Virginia in the 17th century was largely run by a tobacco economy. The planters in charge of tobacco farms hired indentured servants to work on their farms. Indentured servants were out of work farmers from England who agreed to work on a tobacco farm for four to seven years before earning their "freedom dues" which granted them their freedom and a bit of land. However, when prime land became scare towards the end of the 17th century, planters stopped giving land to the indentured servants who earned their "freedom dues". This led to high number of impoverished men in Virginia. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led thousands of impoverished men in a rebellion in which they attacked Indians and burned the capital city of Jamestown to the ground. However, this rebellion ended when Bacon suddenly died of disease.
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This image depicts a rice plantation in South Carolina. Towards the end of the 17th century, the number of African slaves started to increase drastically and by 1750 half the population of Virginia was composed of black slaves and in South Carolina the black slaves outnumbered the whites two to one. In addition the slaves led miserable lives due to the terrible conditions in which they found themselves. In 1662, the slave codes made the black slaves and their children the property of their white masters. Race based slavery in the colonies provided miserable lives for those trapped as slaves as the harsh conditions made it so only the importation of fresh slaves could maintain the slave populations.
This image depicts a rice plantation in South Carolina. Towards the end of the 17th century, the number of African slaves started to increase drastically and by 1750 half the population of Virginia was composed of black slaves and in South Carolina the black slaves outnumbered the whites two to one. In addition the slaves led miserable lives due to the terrible conditions in which they found themselves. In 1662, the slave codes made the black slaves and their children the property of their white masters. Race based slavery in the colonies provided miserable lives for those trapped as slaves as the harsh conditions made it so only the importation of fresh slaves could maintain the slave populations.
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This image depicts the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was the voyage that slaves endured when they traveled from Africa to the colonies. The mortality rates were notoriously high and ran up to 20 percent. The slaves were tightly packed on the ships because those selling the slaves considered them to be similar to cargo and thus they packed as many as they could fit onto each ship.
This image depicts the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was the voyage that slaves endured when they traveled from Africa to the colonies. The mortality rates were notoriously high and ran up to 20 percent. The slaves were tightly packed on the ships because those selling the slaves considered them to be similar to cargo and thus they packed as many as they could fit onto each ship.
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This image depicts Braddock's blunder during the French and Indian War. In 1755, General Braddock set out with a force of 2,000 men to capture Fort Duquesne from the French. However, Braddock's expedition only came within a few miles of Fort Duquesne before a small group of French and Indian soldiers defeated the British force. This defeat is known as Braddock's blunder as it left the entire frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina virtually defenseless.
This image depicts Braddock's blunder during the French and Indian War. In 1755, General Braddock set out with a force of 2,000 men to capture Fort Duquesne from the French. However, Braddock's expedition only came within a few miles of Fort Duquesne before a small group of French and Indian soldiers defeated the British force. This defeat is known as Braddock's blunder as it left the entire frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina virtually defenseless.
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This image depicts the taking of Quebec by the English forces. After Braddock's blunder, the English Prime Minister, William Pitt, decided to concentrate the war effort on the Quebec Montreal area. James Wolfe was chosen to lead the battle of Quebec by William Pitt. In 1759, Wolfe led the expedition and was able to achieve victory through commanding a group of soldiers to scale the clip near a poorly guarded area. Although Wolfe led the English to victory he was fatally wounded during the battle of Quebec.
This image depicts the taking of Quebec by the English forces. After Braddock's blunder, the English Prime Minister, William Pitt, decided to concentrate the war effort on the Quebec Montreal area. James Wolfe was chosen to lead the battle of Quebec by William Pitt. In 1759, Wolfe led the expedition and was able to achieve victory through commanding a group of soldiers to scale the clip near a poorly guarded area. Although Wolfe led the English to victory he was fatally wounded during the battle of Quebec.
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This image depicts the French city of Louisbourg. This city was located on Cape Breton island which commanded the approaches to the St. Lawrence River which the French wanted to control. During the War of Austrian Succession, the English captured Louisbourg with the help of the New Englanders but were forced to return it to the French with the treaty of 1748. This upset the New Englanders because it was a loaded gun pointed straight at them. The English eventually recaptured it in 1758 during the French and Indian War after William Pitt decided to concentrate the war effort on the Quebec and Montreal area.
This image depicts the French city of Louisbourg. This city was located on Cape Breton island which commanded the approaches to the St. Lawrence River which the French wanted to control. During the War of Austrian Succession, the English captured Louisbourg with the help of the New Englanders but were forced to return it to the French with the treaty of 1748. This upset the New Englanders because it was a loaded gun pointed straight at them. The English eventually recaptured it in 1758 during the French and Indian War after William Pitt decided to concentrate the war effort on the Quebec and Montreal area.
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This image depicts the signing of the peace settlement of Paris. After the French were defeated in the Battle of Quebec in 1759 and when Montreal fell in 1760, the French were defeated by the English and forced to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1763. This peace settlement concluded the French and Indian War and forced the French to remove themselves from North America. With the French removed from North America, the English became the dominant force in North America.
This image depicts the signing of the peace settlement of Paris. After the French were defeated in the Battle of Quebec in 1759 and when Montreal fell in 1760, the French were defeated by the English and forced to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1763. This peace settlement concluded the French and Indian War and forced the French to remove themselves from North America. With the French removed from North America, the English became the dominant force in North America.